Treatment for hyperglycaemia

ABSTRACT

A method for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of hyperglycaemia in human or non-human mammals which comprises administering to the mammal in need of such treatment and/or prophylaxis an effective non-toxic amount of: a compound of formula (I): ##STR1## or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid additon salt thereof, wherein each of R 1  and R 2 , which may be the same or different, represents a hydrogen or haolgen atom, or an alkyl or alkoxy group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, X represents an oxygen or sulphur atom, an imino group, an acylimino group containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the acyl group, or a methylene group, each of n and m, which may be the same or different, represents the number 1, 2 or 3, and p represents the number 2 or 3.

This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 336,241, filed Apr. 11, 1989, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,988,720, which is a divisional of application Ser. No. 866,307, filed May 23, 1986, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,847,280.

The present invention relates to a method for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of hyperglycaemia and a composition for use in such method.

British patent application No. 2021100A discloses compounds of formula (A): ##STR2## in which each of R¹ ' and R² ', which may be the same or different, represents a hydrogen or halogen atom, or an alkyl or alkoxy group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, X' represents an oxygen or sulphur atom, an imino group, an acylimino group containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the acyl group, or a methylene group, each of n' and m', which may be the same or different, represents the number 1,2 or 3 and p' represents the number 2 or 3, as well as their physiologically acceptable acid addition salts. The compounds of formula (A) are described therein as having long lasting anti-hypertensive activity.

European Patent Number 0 072 954 discloses compounds of the general formula (B): ##STR3## in which R^(1a) and R^(2a) can be identical or different and either hydrogen or a halogen, alkyl, or alkoxy, each with 1 to 4 carbon atoms,

R^(3a) and R^(4a) can be identical or different and either a hydrogen or an alkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and

R^(5a), R^(6a), R^(7a), and R^(8a) can be identical or different and either hydrogen or an alkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or in which R^(5a) and R^(6a) together represent the ethylene group, their salts, except for 2-(N-aminoisoindolinyl)-imidazoline and 4-chloro-2-(2-imidazolin-2-ylamino)-isoindoline.

The compounds of formula (B) are disclosed therein as having long lasting anti-hypertensive activity.

It been discovered that certain compounds of formula (A), including compounds which have been specifically disclosed in GB 2021100A also have anti-hyperglycaemic activity, and are therefore of potential use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of hyperglycaemia in mammals, including humans.

It has also been discovered that certain compounds of formula (B) have anti-hyperglycaemic activity and are of potential use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of hyperglycaemia in mammals, including humans.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of hyperglycaemia in human or non-human mammals which comprises administering to the mammal in need of such treatment and/or prophylaxis an effective, non-toxic amount of:

a compound of formula (I): ##STR4## or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, wherein each of R¹ and R², which may be the same or different, represents a hydrogen or halogen atom, or an alkyl or alkoxy group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms,

X represents an oxygen or sulphur atom, an imino group, an acylimino group containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the acyl group, or a methylene group, each of n and m, which may be the same or different, represents the number 1, 2 or 3, and p represents the number 2 or 3;

with the proviso that when the moiety ##STR5## is present in formula (I), then either R¹ or R² must represent hydrogen; or

a compound of formula (II): ##STR6## or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, wherein each of R³ and R⁴ may be either a hydrogen or halogen atom; or an alkyl or alkoxy group either of which groups may have from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; providing that either R³ and R⁴ must by hydrogen;

R⁵ and R⁶ can be identical or different and either a hydrogen or an alkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, and R¹⁰ can be identical or different and either hydrogen or an alkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or in which

R⁷ and R⁸ together represent an ethylene group with the further proviso that when R⁷ and R⁸ represent an ethylene group then one of R⁵, R⁶, R⁹ and R¹⁰ represents an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

One favoured sub-group of the compounds of formula (I) is that represented by the general formula (III): ##STR7## or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, wherein R¹, R², n, m and p are as defined in relation to formula (I).

A further preferred sub-group of the compounds of formula (I) is that represented by the general formula (IV): ##STR8## wherein R¹ and R² are as defined in relation to formula (I).

One particularly favoured sub-group of the compounds of formula (I) is that represented by the general formula (V): ##STR9## or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, wherein R¹¹ is hydrogen or chlorine.

Preferably, R¹¹ is substituted in the ortho position on the phenyl ring, relative to one of the --CH₂ -- moieties.

In a preferred aspect the compound of formula (I) is 4-chloro-2-(2-imidazolin-2-ylamino)isoindoline, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof.

In another preferred aspect the compound of formula (I) is 2-(2-imidazolin-2-ylamino)isoindoline, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof.

The present invention also provides a compound of formula (I) or formula (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, for use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of hyperglycaemia.

In a further aspect the invention also provides the use of a compound of formula (I) or formula (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of hyperglycaemia.

In a further aspect of the invention there is also provided a pharmaceutical composition for use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of hyperglycaemia which comprises a compound of formula (I) or formula (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier therefor.

The compounds of formula (I) may be prepared using methods conventional in the art, for example those disclosed in GB 2021100A.

The compounds of formula (II) may be prepared using methods conventional in the art, for example those disclosed in EP 0,072,954.

Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of the compounds of formulae (I) and (II), and the methods for preparing such salts, are disclosed in GB 2021100A and EP0072954 respectively.

The administration to the mammal may be by way of oral administration or parenteral administration.

Preferably, the compound of formula (I) or formula (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, (hereinafter called "the drug") is administered in the form of a unit-dose composition, such as a unit dose oral or parenteral composition. Such unit doses will normally comprise 0.1 to 1000 mg of the drug, more usually 0.1 to 550 mg.

Such compositions are prepared by admixture and are suitably adapted for oral or parenteral administration, and as such may be in the form of tablets, capsules, oral liquid preparations, powders, granules, lozenges, reconstitutable powders, injectable and infusable solutions or suspensions. Orally administrable compositions are preferred, in particular shaped oral compositions, since they are more convenient for general use.

Tablets and capsules for oral administration are usually presented in a unit dose, and contain conventional excipients such as binding agents, fillers, diluents, tabletting agents, lubricants, disintegrants, colourants, flavourings, and wetting agents. The tablets may be coated according to well known methods in the art.

Suitable fillers for use include cellulose, mannitol, lactose and other similar agents. Suitable disintegrants include starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone and starch derivatives such as sodium starch glycollate. Suitable lubricants include, for example, magnesium stearate. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable wetting agents include sodium lauryl sulphate.

These solid oral compositions may be prepared by conventional methods of blending, filling, tabletting or the like. Repeated blending operations may be used to distribute the active agent throughout those compositions employing large quantities of fillers. Such operations are, of course, conventional in the art.

Oral liquid preparations may be in the form of, for example, aqueous or oily suspensions, solutions, emulsions, syrups, or elixirs, or may be presented as a dry product for reconstitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use. Such liquid preparations may contain conventional additives such as suspending agents, for example sorbitol, syrup' methyl cellulose, gelatin, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, aluminium stearate gel or hydrogenated edible fats, emulsifying agents, for example lecithin, sorbitan monooleate, or acacia; non-aqueous vehicles (which may include edible oils), for example, almond oil, fractionated coconut oil, oily esters such as esters of glycerine, propylene glycol, or ethyl alcohol; preservatives, for example methyl or propyl p-hydroxybenzoate or sorbic acid, and if desired conventional flavouring or colouring agents.

Oral formulations also include conventional sustained release formulations, such as tablets or granules having an enteric coating.

For parenteral administration, fluid unit dose forms are prepared containing the drug and a sterile vehicle. The drug, depending on the vehicle and the concentration, can be either suspended or dissolved. Parenteral solutions are normally prepared by dissolving the drug in a vehicle and filter sterilising before filling into a suitable vial or ampoule and sealing. Advantageously, adjuvants such as a local anaesthetic, preservatives and buffering agents are also dissolved in the vehicle. To enhance the stability, the composition can be frozen after filling into the vial and the water removed under vacuum.

Parenteral suspensions are prepared in substantially the same manner except that the drug is suspended in the vehicle instead of being dissolved and sterilised by exposure to ethylene oxide before suspending in the sterile vehicle. Advantageously, a surfactant or wetting agent is included in the composition to facilitate uniform distribution of the drug.

In treating hyperglycaemic humans the drug may be taken in doses, such as those described above, one to six times a day in a manner such that the total daily dose for a 70 kg adult will generally be about 0.1 to 6000 mg, and more usually about 1 to 1500 mg. In general a total daily dose of from about 1.0×10⁻³ mg/kg to 1000 mg/kg and more usually from about 0.1 mg/kg to 250 mg/kg is suitable.

In treating hyperglycaemic animals, especially dogs, the drug may be administered by mouth, usually once or twice a day and at about 0.025 mg/kg to 25 mg/kg, for example 0.1 mg/kg to 20 mg/kg.

The following pharmacological data illustrate the activity of the drug in tests which are indicative of its potential use in the treatment of hyperglycaemia.

PHARMACOLOGICAL DATA A. Diabetic Mice, Mid-day Blood Glucose Concentrations

C57Bl/KsJ diabetic (db/db) female mice, 5-6 weeks old, were housed 5 per cage and fed on Oxoid rat and mouse breeders diet in powdered form for one week. At the end of this period, the blood glucose concentration at mid-day was determined for all mice. The animals continued to be fed on the powdered diet or were given the same diet supplemented with the test compound. After 7 days, the mid-day blood glucose of all mice was again determined.

The concentration of glucose in mid-day blood samples taken at the end of each treatment period are shown below as the mean (mM) ±S.D. The comparable values for animals fed on the powdered Oxoid diet alone are also shown. Five mice were used for each treatment.

    ______________________________________                                                                          DOSE                                          TEST                             (mmol kg.sup.-1                               COMPOUND  CONTROL     TREATED    of diet)                                      ______________________________________                                         4-chloro-2-                                                                              24.9 ± 1.3                                                                               8.5 ± 3.5                                                                             3                                             (2-imidazol-                                                                             11.1 ± 5.7                                                                               4.4 ± 0.4                                                                             1                                             in-2-ylamino)                                                                  isoindoline                                                                    2-(2-imidaz-                                                                             22.5 ± 3.4                                                                              13.0 ± 5.7                                                                             3                                             olin-2-ylamino)-                                                                         22 5 ± 3.4                                                                              18.0 ± 3.0                                                                             1                                             isoindoline                                                                    ______________________________________                                    

B. Obese Mice, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

C57Bl/6 obese (ob/ob) male mice were housed 6 per cage and fed on powdered Oxoid rat and mouse breeders diet for at least one week. The mice then continued to receive the powdered diet alone, or that diet supplemented with test compound, for 8 days. After 8 days, all the mice were fasted for 5 hours prior to receiving an oral load of glucose (3 g/kg). Blood samples for glucose analysis were taken 0, 45, 90 and 135 minutes after glucose administration and the results are given below as the percentage reduction in area under the blood glucose curve as compared with the control group. Six mice were used for each treatment.

    ______________________________________                                         TEST                     DOSE (mmol kg.sup.-1                                  COMPOUND    % REDUCTION  of diet)                                              ______________________________________                                         4-chloro-2- 52           3                                                     (2-imidazolin-2-                                                                           40           1                                                     ylamino)                                                                       isoindoline                                                                    2-(2-imidazolin-                                                                           38           1                                                     2-ylamino)                                                                     isoindoline                                                                    ______________________________________                                    

C. Adrenaline-Exacerbated Glucose Tolerance in Mice

CFLP female mice of about 25 g were fasted for 24 hours prior to receiving water (10 ml/kg) or the test compound by the oral route. Thirty minutes later, glucose (1 g/kg) and adrenaline (300 μg/kg) were injected subcutaneously. Blood samples for glucose analysis were taken serially from the tail of each mouse at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after dosing glucose and the results obtained are expressed below as the percentage reduction in the area under the blood glucose curve. The test compound treated groups were compared to the water dosed control group in each experiment. Six mice were used in each treatment group.

    ______________________________________                                         TEST                       DOSE (mmol kg.sup.-1                                COMPOUND      % REDUCTION  of diet)                                            ______________________________________                                         2-(2-oxazolin-2-                                                                             37           20                                                  ylamino)isoindoline                                                            2-(2-imidazolin-2-                                                                           23           20                                                  ylamino)-1,2,3,4-                                                              tetrahydroisoquinoline                                                         4-chloro-2-(2-imidazolin-                                                                    28            5                                                  2-ylamino)isoindoline                                                          2-(2-imidazolin-2-                                                                           29            5                                                  ylamino)isoindoline                                                            ______________________________________                                    

Toxicology Data

No adverse toxicological effects were indicated in any of the above mentioned experiments. 

I claim:
 1. A method for the treatment of hyperglycaemia in human or non-human mammals which comprises administering to the mammal in need of such treatment an effective non-toxic amount of:a compound of formula (I): ##STR10## or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, wherein each of R¹ and R², which may be the same or different, represents hydrogen, a halogen atom, or an alkyl or alkoxy group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, X represents oxygen, sulphur, an imino group, an acylimino group containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the acyl group, or a methylene group, each of n and m, which may be the same or different, represents the number 1, 2 or 3, and p represents the number 3; with the proviso that when the moiety ##STR11## is present in formula (I), then either R¹ or R² must represent hydrogen; or a compound of formula (II): ##STR12## or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, wherein each of R³ and R⁴ may be either a hydrogen or halogen atom; or an alkyl or alkoxy group either of which groups may have from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; providing that either R³ or R⁴ must be hydrogen;R⁵ and R⁶ can be identical or different and either a hydrogen or an alkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, and R¹⁰ can be identical or different and either hydrogen or an alkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
 2. A method according to claim 1, comprising the administration of a compound of the formula (III): ##STR13## or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, wherein R¹, R², n m and p are as defined in relation to formula (I). 